Szabolcs Panyi is a Hungarian investigative journalist at the Central European nonprofit outlet VSquare.org. His reporting focuses on Russian and Chinese espionage and influence operations, illegal surveillance, corruption, and authoritarian trends across the region. He has repeatedly been targeted by multiple surveillance campaigns, including with Pegasus spyware, accused of being a “Ukrainian spy,” and criminally charged by the Orbán government. He is writing a book about Russian intelligence penetration in Hungary and the origins of the country’s pro-Kremlin policies.
